A toddler refuses to wear a jacket and catches a cold.A person drives while drunk and gets into a car accident.A person stays up very late and runs late for work the next day, and their boss reprimands them.A child eats too many sweets and gets a toothache.A toddler touches a hot object and gets burned.In some cases, a person may give someone a punishment purposefully, while in others, consequences of a behavior occur naturally. Our daily lives feature many examples of positive punishments. However, when a behavior does not lead to a reward or instead leads to a punishment, the behavior tends to die out, or become weakened, because a person wants to avoid the unwanted outcome associated with the behavior.įollowing these concepts, operant conditioning has four ways of modifying or influencing behavior:Īll actions lead to results and consequences. This is because they want to receive the desired outcome again. Punishments are aversive and aim to prevent a behavior from happening again.Ī person tends to repeat a rewarded action, and it becomes strengthened. Reinforcements, whether positive or negative, aim to increase the chance that a behavior happens again. These consequences include rewards, or reinforcements, and punishments. The premise of operant conditioning is that consequences shape behavior. Skinner’s work on operant conditioning is the foundation of behavior modification. Behaviorism is a theory of learning that suggests that environmental events control all behavior. Skinner was an American psychologist who expanded the field of behaviorism, which John Watson started.
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